2021-08-14

Getting Started with Data Mining Functionalities

What is Data Mining Functionalities?

To perceive the various form of patterns to be identified in data mining activities, the following functionalities should be considered. To define and find the kind of patterns to be discovered in data mining functionalities, data mining features are used. Data mining has a wide application for forecasting and characterizing data to big data.

The data mining tasks can be categories into two main categories -

Descriptive data mining:

Descriptive data mining demonstrates the common characteristics in the results. It offers knowledge of the data and gives insight into what's going on inside the data without any prior idea. It includes any information to grasp what's going on in the data without a prior idea. Popular characteristics of the data are demonstrated in the data collection.

Predictive Data Mining:

Predictive data mining provides prediction features from data to its users. For example -what will be the projection of the market analysis in the next quarter with the output of the previous quarters?

In general, the predictive analysis forecasts or infers the features based on the data previously available.
For example: Judging by the outcomes of medical exams of a patient who suffers from some diseases.

1) Class/Concept Description: Characterization and Discrimination
It is important to link data with groups or related items. For example, computers and printers are types of goods for sale in the Hardware Shop.

Data Characterization: The characterization of data is a description of the key characteristics of objects in a target class which creates what is called a characteristic rule. To do this, a user can run a database query to compute the user-specified class through predefined modules to retrieve desired results from data at various abstraction levels.
Eg;-Bar maps, curves, and pie charts,

Data Discrimination: Data discrimination creates a series of the rule called discriminate rules that are simply a distinction between the two classes aligned with the goal class and the opposite class of the general characteristics of objects.

2) Prediction
To distinguish the inaccessible data items, it uses regression analysis and detects the missing numeric values in the data. If the class mark is absent, classification is used to render the prediction. Due to its relevance in business intelligence, a prediction is common. There are two main methods of data prediction; the prediction of the classmark using the developed class model and the prediction of incomplete data using prediction analysis.

3) Classification
Classification is used to create data sets using predefined classes, as the model is used to classify new instances whose classification is not understood. The instances used to produce the model are known as data from preparation.

For example - classify the employees on the basis of their salaries in a company.

4) Association Analysis
The link between the data and the rule that bind them is discovered. And two or more data attributes are associated. It associates qualities that are transacted together regularly. They work out what is called the rule of business that is commonly used in the study of stock market analysis.

5) Outlier Analysis
Data components that cannot be clustered into a given class or cluster are outliers. They are often referred to as data anomalies; in few instances, outliers can be called unwanted noise which needs to be discarded from the given data set, they may disclose some useful information in other areas, and hence can be treated as an important aspect and beneficial for the data analysis.

6) Cluster Analysis
Clustering is a process of arranging data in the data sets based on similarity features. Clustering is often called unsupervised classification since provided class labels do not execute the classification. There are some most relevant clustering methods which are based on the concept of maximizing the similarity between the objects of the same class and decreasing the similarity between objects in different classes.

7) Evolution & Deviation Analysis
We get clustering of data with evolution analysis. In this approach, a user can uncover hidden patterns from data sets. This analysis helps users to find features using similarities in patterns.

2021-07-29

History and Evolution of Java

In 1991, Java was invented by James Gosling - Wikipedia

, Patrick Naughton, Chris Warth, Ed Frank, Mike Sheridan, Sun Microsystems, Inc. Java is closely related to C++. It is inherited form the C language. It took approximately. It took 18 months to create the first working version. It was originally called "Oak", but it was renamed "Java" by 1995. It was publicly announced in 1995.

This language was created to be platform-independent and can be used to develop software to control consumer electronics devices like microwave ovens and remote controls. It was initially not intended for Internet applications.

Some languages are not designed to compile code for specific platforms. C++ is an example. While it is possible to compile C++ code on any processor, it requires a complete C++ compiler that targets that processor and platform. This makes it time-consuming and expensive. Gosling and other people began to work on a portable, platform-independent language. This led to the creation Java.

The Applet, a new type networked program that uses Java, had a dramatic impact on the Internet. An applet is a Java program designed to be transmitted over internet and executed by a Java-compatible web browser. Applets are a small program that displays data from the server and handles user input. They also provide simple functions such as a calculator.

Java solves both the security and portability issues of other languages. The Bytecode is key to this. Bytecode, a highly optimized set o instruction that can be executed by Java Virtual Machine (JVM), is an example of a highly optimized set. __S.18__

2020-10-30

Difference between ReactJS and React Native

What's ReactJS?

ReactJS is a open-source JavaScript library used to construct the user interface for Internet Applications. It's accountable only for the view layer of this program. It offers programmers to write complex UIs from a tiny and isolated bit of code referred to as"components" ReactJS made of 2 components first is elements, which will be the bits which include HTML code and what you need to view in the user interface, and the next one is HTML record where all of your elements will be left.

Jordan Walke, that had been a software engineer in Facebook, develops it. Originally, it had been designed and preserved by Facebook and was afterwards utilized in its own products such as WhatsApp & Instagram. Facebook developed ReactJS in 2011 for its newsfeed section, however, it had been released to the general public in May 2013.

Edge of ReactJS

1. Simple to Understand and Use: ReactJS Is a Lot easier to understand and use. Any programmer who comes out of a JavaScript desktop can quickly understand and begin creating web apps using React.

2. Creating Dynamic Web Software Becomes Easier: To make a dynamic web application especially with HTML was catchy, which necessitates complicated programming, however React JS solved this problem making it simpler. It supplies less coding and provides more performance.

3. Reusable Components: A ReactJS net application is composed of multiple parts, and each part has its controls and logic. These elements may be reused wherever you want them. The reusable code will help to create your programs easier to grow and maintain. The React Virtual DOM exists completely in memory and is a representation of this internet browser DOM. For this reason, once we compose a React part, we didn't write right into the DOM. Rather, we're composing virtual parts that respond will turn in the DOM, resulting in smoother and quicker performance.

4. The aid of Handy Tools: ReactJS support a useful set of tools that make the job of the programmers understandable and simpler. Additionally, it lets you select specific elements and analyze and edit their existing Props and Condition. The programmers aren't feeling comfortable to re-learn the newest methods of doing things frequently. It could be challenging for them to embrace these changes together with the constant upgrades.

5. Poor Documentation: React technology upgrading and accelerating so quickly there is not any opportunity to create appropriate documentation. To conquer, programmers write directions in their own together with the evolving new releases and resources in their existing endeavors. So you still will need to opt for several other technology to receive an entire tooling set for advancement from the undertaking.

6. Known to become SEO Friendly: Conventional JavaScript frameworks have a problem in dealing with SEO. ReactJS accomplishes this issue, which assists programmers to be easily navigated on several different search engines. It's because ReactJS software can run on the host, and also the virtual DOM will be returning and rendering into the browser as a normal webpage.

It's offering an extremely wealthy JavaScript library that provides more flexibility to the web developers to choose how they want. It supplies a range where the programmer can test and debug their codes with the support of tools that are native.

What's React Native?

It uses only JavaScript to create a cross-platform cellular program. React Native is like React, however, it utilizes native elements rather than using internet elements as building blocks. It aims mobile platforms instead of the browser. Facebook grows the React Native in 2013 because of its internal job Hackathon.

In March 2015, Facebook declared that React Native American available and open on GitHub.React Native has been originally developed for its iOS program. But lately, in addition, it supports the Android functioning system.

Benefits of React Native

A Number of Them are given below: It works for the two platform Android in addition to iOS apparatus.

1. Course Performance: The code composed in React Native are compiled into native code, which empowers it for both operating systems and it works in precisely the exact same fashion on both platforms.

2. JavaScript: JavaScript knowledge can be used to construct native cellular programs.

3. Community: The massive neighborhood of ReactJS and React Native assists us to locate any response we need. If the company logic is shifted, its manifestation is live reloaded on display.

4. Improving with Time: Many attributes of iOS and Android are still not encouraged, and the neighborhood is constantly inventing the top practices.

5. Native Components: we'll have to compose some platform specific code when we would like to make native performance, which isn't designed yet.

6. Existence is Uncertain: Since Facebook develop this frame, its existence is unclear as it retains all of the rights to kill the job anytime. Since the prevalence of React Native increases, it's not likely to take place.

7. Learning is Difficult: React Native isn't easy to understand, particularly for a fresher from the program development area. Whenever you're generating financial and banking programs where information is highly confidential, specialists guidance to not select React Native.

2020-10-29

An Ultimate Guides to Machine Learning

As all people is very much apparent about the leaning notion of people, they learn from their previous experiences. But can we expect the same out of any device to find out from the specified raw information and previous experiences?

Thereby the notion of machine learning was created. Machine learning is a subset of artificial intelligence that learns via the raw information and previous experiences without being really programmed specifically, to provide a sense of the information precisely in same fashion as people can perform. Quite simply we could say that ML is a field of Computer Science which deals in pulling out some practical information on being processed with a few ML algorithms.

"Machine learning utilizes statistical instruments on information to output predicted value. It's a program of artificial intelligence that offers the system having the capability to learn and improve from experience without being specifically programmed mechanically".

What's the requirement of Machine Learning?

These days, individuals are becoming more sophisticated and operate very intelligently, particularly the way that they handle difficult issues and resolve them. Even though on the other hand there's AI that's still undergrowth and hasn't beaten the individual intellect yet. Therefore, machine learning is necessary for decision making on the grounds of some raw information in an efficient way at a huge scale.

As of this moment, the programmers are far more into creating technologies such as artificial intelligence, profound learning, and machine learning how to extract some info from the presented data and performs distinct algorithm to fix some authentic real-world issues especially on a massive scale employed as a helping hand into the organization. In addition, it can be called qualitative decision-making.

The decision making doesn't need any programming logic, but instead the driven data may be utilized itself. And therefore, it will require human intellect. Additionally, the human itself is not sufficient to fix the real world issue at a massive scale. So this really is when machine learning is necessary. As more the information, better the higher and model are its precision.

Running of Machine studying In conventional programming, we utilized to supply the information and application, and the pc is utilized to create the output.But in the event of machine learning, we utilized to supply data in addition to predicted output signal to the device, and it learns in the data, locate the concealed insights, and makes a model. It requires the output information and reproduces its own growing and training accordingly so the model becomes better with time getting trained with fresh information or the output information.

2020-10-26

Getting Started with Selenium Automation Testing

What is Selenium?

Selenium is a functional testing tool and harmonious with all the non-functional testing tools also. Selenium is free and does not require any licensing. Functional evaluations script implemented by selenium. Selenium is coupled with many automation testing tools like Maven, Jenkins, to achieve constant testing. Selenium can be linked with tools such as TestNG, & JUnit for managing test cases & producing reports.

Before going farther with Selenium Tutorial, let's understand some of the key concepts related to Automation testing of an application.Each software development team need to perform several tests before launch the final product to the market. Manual Test engineers seek to catch the bugs or fault before the product released in the market, yet delivered software always has flaws. And there is a chance that the final software product is left having a defect or unable to fulfill the client requirement, even the manual evaluation engineer do their very best.

Automation testing is the best way to raise the effectiveness, efficiency, and coverage of Software testing. Selenium Automation testing uses particular tools to automate manual layout test cases with no human interference. These testing tools can get the evaluation data, controls the execution of tests, and compares the actual result from the expected outcome.

It's both functional and non-functional evaluations on an program.

Functional Automation Testing To automate the functional test cases, test engineer use operational automation testing.

Non-functional Automation Testing E.g.-: Assessing the answer time of this application under considerable (say 100 users) load. Automation Testing ProcessIt is the procedure for converting any manual test cases into a test script with automation tools, and scripting or programming language is called automation testing process.

Generally, we proceed for automation testing whenever there are multiple releases or multiple regression cycle or repetitive job. The practice of analyzing the application by using some tools is known as automation testing. When the brand new release (Release #1) starts we do not go for automation testing procedure, because there's absolutely no concept of regression testing and regression test cases( test cases are new itself)once the brand new release and some enhancement are going on, we have the guide group as well automation team.

The guide teams go through the requirement and also identify the impact area and hands over the regression test package to the automation team. After given over the manual team, begin working on the brand new feature along with the automation team begins working on the new attribute, begins creating the test script and automating the test instances.

Prior to going to the further process, the automation staff begins automating the test cases and analyze the instances that can be automatic and that cannot be automated. Dependent on the inspection, they start the automation testing process, i.e., convert each regression situation into scripts.

In this process, they need regression case because they do not have product knowledge as well the instrument and the application. When the test script is prepared, they begin the execution of this script on the new application, but the older feature.

Since the script is written for regression feature or the old featurewhen the implementation complete, we get different standing like pass/fail. When the standing failed, that needs to be re-confirmed manually, and should the bugs exist, report to the developer, they will fix.

After the bug fixes done, the bug needs to be re-tested along with the impact area by the manual test engineer. Along with the test script has to be implemented from the automation test scientist. This process goes on until all the new features, and regression features status gets passed.

2020-10-24

Confirm password validation in JavaScript

In this section, we will examine password validation utilizing JavaScript. We have to approve a password each time at whatever point a client makes a record on any site or application. In this way, we need to check a legitimate password just as put the Confirm password validation.

For a substantial password, the accompanying boundaries must be contained by it to be legitimate -

A password ought to be alphanumeric.

First letter of the password ought to be capital.

Password must contain a unique character (@, $, !, and, and so forth)

Password length must be more noteworthy than 8 characters.

One of the most significant that the password fields ought not be unfilled.

At whatever point a client makes a password, there is consistently one more field of affirm password. It watches that the password entered by the client is same as this affirm password fields. To make a legitimate password, both the password and affirm password fields esteem must be coordinated.

Initial one, we will check for a legitimate password and afterward affirm password validation checks.

f:id:javatpoint:20201024235743j:plain — Confirm password validation in JavaScript

Legitimate password Validation

In this model, we will watch that the password made by the client is legitimate or not and coordinate with all the boundary examined previously. See the code beneath for password check.

Example:

<html>
<head>
<title> Verification of valid Password </title>
</head>
<script>
function verifyPassword() {
var pw = document.getElementById("pswd").value;
//check empty password field
if(pw == "") {
document.getElementById("message").innerHTML = "**Fill the password please!";
return false;
}
//minimum password length validation
if(pw.length < 8) {
document.getElementById("message").innerHTML = "**Password length must be atleast 8 characters";
return false;
}
//maximum length of password validation
if(pw.length > 15) {
document.getElementById("message").innerHTML = "**Password length must not exceed 15 characters";
return false;
} else {
alert("Password is correct");
}
}
</script>
<body>
<center>
<h1 style="color:green">Javatpoint</h1>
<h3> Verify valid password Example </h3>
<form onsubmit ="return verifyPassword()">
<td> Enter Password </td>
<input type = "password" id = "pswd" value = "">
<span id = "message" style="color:red"> </span> <br><br>
<input type = "submit" value = "Submit">
<button type = "reset" value = "Reset" >Reset</button>
</form>
</center>
</body>
</html>

Run This Code

2018-12-22

A Beginners Guides to Encapsulation in Java with Real Time Example

Introduction to Java Encapsulation

Encapsulation = Data Hiding + Abstraction

It simply means that any component is following abstraction and data hiding then it is also following Encapsulation.

The Process of wrapping data members and abstraction together in a unit, it is known as Java Encapsulation. In Java, Each and every class is an example of Encapsulation. In other words, it's just like capsule medicine.

f:id:javatpoint:20181222214946p:plain — Encapsulation in Java with Example

Data hiding – Data hiding is used to keeping our internal data safe from unauthorized access. No one can access our internal data. By declaring data members as private, we can achieve Data Hiding. It means the third person can use our data through a public method which will validate the user by asking id and password.

So, by applying the concept of data hiding, we will achieve Security.

Abstraction – Abstraction is the mechanism to hiding the unnecessary things from the users and provide only functionality.

Abstract Class -

Through "abstract" keyword, we can declare a class is abstract.

Abstract classes may or may not carry abstract methods,

i.e., methods without the body -

public void get();

if a class has at least one abstract method, then the class must be declared abstract.
Abstract class cannot be instantiated.
You must inherit an abstract class from another class, and provide implementation.

Abstract Method- if you want the actual implementation of that methods which is determined by child class, you must declare a class is abstract in parent class.

you must place the "abstract" keyword before the method name in the method declaration.
An abstract method includes a method signature, but not method body.
Instead of curly braces, at the end of abstract method there is a semicolon (;)

Why we Use Encapsulation?

There are 3 core features of encapsulation for using it. These are –

Flexibility – It is more flexible to change the code according to requirements. i.e. if we want to change the age of person so we can quickly change the logic in the set() method.

Reusability – we can reuse our code in our application and across the multiple applications.

Maintainability – Programme code is encapsulated in separate parts (classes, interfaces, methods, setters, getters, etc.) so it’s easy to change a part of the application without moving other elements, which decreases the time of maintenance.

How to achieve Encapsulation ?

To achieve encapsulation, provide getter( ) and setter( ) method in the class to set the variables.
Declaring private to the instance variables of the class.

Getter and setter methods –

In java, setter method is used to set the value of variables. And also known as mutator method.

Getter method is used to return the value of private member of the class. and also known as accessor method.

Let’s take an example to better understand –

public class Company {

private String name;

private String email;

private int salary;

public Company(String name, String email, int salary){

this.name = name;

this.email = email;

this.salary = salary;

}

public void setName(String name){

this.name = name;

}

public void setEmail(String email){

this.email = email;

}

public void setSalary(int salary){

this.salary = salary;

}

public String getName(){

return this.name;

}

public String getEmail(){

return this.email;

}

public int getSalary(){

return this.salary;

}

public static void main(String[] args)

{

Company me = new Company("Anjali","anjali@gmail.com",2000);

System.out.println("My name is:" + me.getName());

me.setEmail("anjalirajput@gmail.com");

System.out.println("My email is:" + me.getEmail());

}

Output:

My name is :Anjali

My email is:anjalirajput@gmail.com

Advantage of Java Encapsulation

It is Flexible so we can quickly update code with our requirements.
We can change the value of variables by using getter and setter methods.
If you don’t define setter method than the field can be read-only.
If you don’t define getter method than the field can be write-only.
Other advantage is that we can reuse our code across the multiple applications.
Without moving other elements, we can do changes there.

Java Encapsulation Real-Time Example:

Let’s suppose you go to a mall and there is one automatic cold drink machine. So, you requested for a cold drink and the machine implement your request and gives you cold drink. Here, machine is a class. It carry data(Cold drinks) and operations(Service) both. And wrapping it into one unit that is machine. This is called Encapsulation.

And how machine is working you doesn’t need to know, this is called Abstraction. And you get cold drink after request so how many cans it contain and mechanism , service you cannot access all these operations, this is called Data Hiding.